Kashan Fin Garden is a unique glory in the heart of the desert

Kashan is located at the edge of the desert at 220 km distance south of Tehran and 86 Km of the south of Qom. Fin is one of the promenade areas around Kashan. We can assume the proportion of Feen to Kashan as Tajrish to Tehran. The area where Fin garden is located is known as "Feen Kochack (small Feen)" which is located in the southwest wing of Kashan. The historical garden of Feen is located at the end of the southeast of Feen road (Amir Kabir St.) in Kashan and in the vicinity of Soleyman historical spring. In the past, there was a set of gardens, and Fin garden was the main and indeed the pearl of that set.

Feen area
Feen is among the small towns located in the central part of Kashan and consists of two separate sections "Big Feen" and "Small Feen". Some called it Feenean. The existing great number of trees and very desirable climate changed Fin into one of the promenade areas around Kashan. Water required for this city is supplied from the famous springs of Soleymanieh and Sefidab. Donald Wilber said in his book entitled "Iranian gardens and palaces thereof" that when a person travels to Kashan, the historical city, can see Fin garden with its beautiful cypresses and by visiting this area he/she can claim to visit the main part of this city.

Persian Gardens

Feen Garden
Feen garden is a set consisting of different historical periods. The appearance was imputed to the period before Islam of the one part and Al e- Aboyeh period of the other part. The development of this garden is indebted to the Ilkhanian period even though such statements were not clear and precise but from the beginning of Safavid as the political stability was increased the history of the Feen garden found more versatility. This period commenced from the beginning of the 10th A.H century (909 A.H) and coincided with the monarchy of Esmail Safavi king. Based construction of the Feen garden returns to the period before Islam and joined to Sialk Civilization. This civilization inseparably jointed
to the Joshghani spring that was in the upper part of the garden and known as Soleymanieh Spring. This spring affected Feen a long time ago. Soleymanieh spring, having very limpid water, is one of the attractive places in this garden. But due to exiting some salty materials the water of this spring is not drinkable. There was a garden in the lower part of this spring from a long time ago. It was a little lower distance from the present garden and completely destroyed by the earthquake of 982 A.H. After 1000 A.H. a garden at the present location that is indeed part of the old garden was contracted by the order of king "Abbas Safavi". The development of this garden faced with rescission from 1135 A.H. after the invasion of Afghan, but it started the recovery period again by the order of Karim Khan Zand, especially with the building constructed at the south wing of the garden called "Khalvat Karim Khani". The fin garden was generally destroyed in the famous earthquake that occurred in 1192 A.H. Then afterward from 1200 A.H. when the Qajar dynasty gained power the side garden was renovated by the order of king "Fathali". The "Shotor Geloy Fathali Shahi" building was constructed at the southwest wing of the garden and a big kingdom bath in the vicinity of the basic bath. This building was destroyed by the banishment of the influential chancellor of Iran " Amir Kabir" and his killing of this great and brave man. By the commencement of the constitution this garden was changed to a shelter for rebellions due to its defensive situation. The rebellions plundered materials and valuable objects of this garden within 14 years and destroyed the garden. By the termination of this situation, the garden was repaired. The official coronation of the king "Esmaeil Safavi" and the killing of "Mirza Taghi Khan Amir Kabir" were the main historical events in this garden.
Façade, wall and towers Fin garden is located in an area with 25000 Sqm. At the entrance, we face a tall entrance building façade. This part was contracted in the Safavid period and consists of two floors.

The lower floor consists of vestibule and entrance halls to gardens with the side rooms and the upper floor consists of a wide and beautiful saloon with an excellent view around and the garden and contains checkered and beautiful doors. Around the garden as in two sides of the facade, a wall with 6m and 5m heights and 7 towers can be seen.

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Shotor Geloy Abbasi By entering the garden and passing a beautiful street containing a beautiful water channel in the middle with azure fountains always spouting water and very beautiful tall cypress trees on both sides, the first building that draws the attention of every viewer is "Shotor Geloy Abbasi" the was constructed by the order of "Shah Abbas", the great king. A wide pool can be seen in front of this building and a pool is also located at the back that water spouting from the floor. This building is constructed on two floors in the location of the garden that everyone can reach from every part. There is a pool in the middle of this building that spouts the water of the spring with its very interesting design name "Shotor Gelo". Painting of the Safavid period, hunting - place, and the pictures of the princess are painted on the walls and ceiling. In the past, this building had three floors and the upper was in the form of the foreign hat.
Sar Geloy Fathali Shahi Sar Geloy Fathali Shahi was constructed in the south of the garden by the order of King "Fathali". This building consists of Shotor Geloy, a side platform, and two back yards on the west and east sides. The floor of the platform was paved with marble and the ceiling was painted very interestingly. Parts of it can be seen presently. A beautiful Nastaligh (=Persian style of writing used in lithography and cursive writing) Epigraph placed around the platform which is in the vicinity of the pool, written by Mohammad Taghi Hosseini Kashani" the famous calligrapher at the beginning of the Qajar period.

Karim Khan interior and the king's room
This building is a residential set located at the south wing of the garden on the west side of Shotor Geloy Fathali Shahi. This building was constructed in 1176 A.H. by the order of Karim Khan Zand and upon the effort of Salim Arani the governor of Kashan at that time. It contained several inner rooms, a yard, and a small garden. It was said that Amir Kabir lived there for 40 days. In front of the king's room is a beautiful pool.

Bathes (Big and small Bathes)
There are two bathes known as big and small bathes in the south wing of the garden. A small bath remained from the works of the Safavid period that was constructed together with the basic construction of the garden. The big bath was made in the Qajar period upon the order of the king "Fathali". The big bath was for the governors and the small bath for the servants.
Each of these bathes consists of an entrance, hot-house, waterfront, water reservoir, cleaning the place, and dressing room. There are some channels and pools on the floor of the bathes to replace water stored in the reservoirs. The walls of the bathes were covered with special wet isolation materials like gravel, lime, or plaster of lime and ashes. Amir Kabir was killed in the hot-place of a small bath beside the marble pool being in the middle of the hot-place.
Soleymanieh Spring This spring imputed to Soleyman prophet located at the west wing of the back of Fin garden. Development of Fin garden indebted to this spring.
The unique art of water current in the spring should not be ignored. For this purpose level difference and land ingredient of the garden is, with a special delicacy, used for water spouting in Shotor Gelogah. By making some stairs in the pathway of water fasten the speed of the current with load noise. A building is constructed on the manifestation of spring. The construction of the eastern part of the said building was constructed in the period of King "Soleyman Safavi" and the western part, inspired by the architectural techniques of the Sassanid period, was made in 1950 by the merchants of Kashan.

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Finally, Moreover, we should know that the formation of the garden of the king in the new location was due to the order of king "Safavid", but because of regional geographic location and considering the fact that (as Yaghot refers) the inhabitants of Kashan pass some days of the weeks at the gardens of Fin, and the summers of Kashan and Feen increases the necessity of promenades, this area is formed near the manifestation of Soleyman spring and at the upstream of farms and rural houses where the set of Fin gardens was expanded therein. This garden is constructed on the bed of old gardens so that not only to be placed at the best location of the set but also has a look at the tall old cypress trees.
Despite the long distance of surrounding gardens to the garden of the king if still, we look around the garden from towers near the garden or from tall roofs of Safavid mansions we can see single tall cypress trees around it. They are the remained parts of old Fin gardens. King's garden in Fin is formed among Iranian gardens. Due to special reasons, it is formed in such a regulated order. But undoubtedly choosing such surrounded pattern with tall walls is designed for the use of the kinds so they feel secure under the patronage of the towers and show the grandeur of the kind due to the volume, design, and height of the garden that is remarkable from inside to outside.
The geometric structure and spatial shape of the garden compared with the structure of the garden shall remind the middle mansion, named "Shotor Geloy Safavid", as an important point. Here, like in other Iranian gardens, axles are part of the geometrical structures of the garden. In addition to the fact that the geometrical shape and simple appearance of the garden is made at the back of the design, they create some points in the general design of the garden under geometrical structure and system in order to show area expansion and the appearance of the architectural system of the garden based on the said geometrical system.